Monday, January 23, 2012

The Chinese New Year

Happy New Year! Today, January 23, 2012 starts the year of the dragon in the traditional Chinese calendar.  There are twelve animals (including the mythological dragon) associated with the Chinese calendar - rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig.Like Western astrology, the ancient Chinese believed that the animal sign you were born under somehow influences your life. And, like Western astrology, some Chinese still believe it to be true even though it's complete nonsense (I've seen some news stories suggesting a lot of Chinese births this year because the dragon is an "auspicious" sign).

Any way, these animal "signs" are even more complicated (just as Western astrology is more complicated than the 12 Sun signs would suggest).  It's actually a 60 year cycle.  The first cycle is of the 5 "elements" - wood, fire, earth, metal, and water - from Chinese philosophy in their masculine (Yang) and feminine (Yin) forms.

As Wikipedia explains: "This combination creates the 60-year cycle due to the least amount of years (least common multiple) it would take to get from Yang Wood Rat to its next iteration, which always starts with Yang Wood Rat and ends with Yin Water Boar."

Two iterations of the 60-year cycle are shown below.  We are currently in the cycle which began in 1984.  Since the Chinese New Year always begins in late January / early February, it's not enough simply to know the year of your birth to determine your "sign". I wasn't just born in the year of the Ox, I'm a Yin Metal Ox, whatever the hell that means (according to this site, it means I'm confrontational and conceited - maybe there is something to this after all!).

Years (1924–1983)
Associated Element
Associated Animal
Years (1984–2043)
Feb 05 1924 – Jan 23 1925
Yang Wood
Rat
Feb 02 1984 – Feb 19 1985
Jan 24 1925 – Feb 12 1926
Yin Wood
Ox
Feb 20 1985 – Feb 08 1986
Feb 13 1926 – Feb 01 1927
Yang Fire
Tiger
Feb 01 1986 – Jan 28 1987
Feb 02 1927 – Jan 22 1928
Yin Fire
Rabbit
Jan 29 1987 – Feb 16 1988
Jan 23 1928 – Feb 09 1929
Yang Earth
Dragon
Feb 17 1988 – Feb 05 1989
Feb 10 1929 – Jan 29 1930
Yin Earth
Snake
Feb 06 1989 – Jan 26 1990
Jan 30 1930 – Feb 16 1931
Yang Metal
Horse
Jan 27 1990 – Feb 14 1991
Feb 17 1931 – Feb 05 1932
Yin Metal
Goat
Feb 15 1991 – Feb 03 1992
Feb 06 1932 – Jan 25 1933
Yang Water
Monkey
Feb 04 1992 – Jan 22 1993
Jan 26 1933 – Feb 13 1934
Yin Water
Rooster
Jan 23 1993 – Feb 09 1994
Feb 14 1934 – Feb 03 1935
Yang Wood
Dog
Feb 10 1994 – Jan 30 1995
Feb 04 1935 – Jan 23 1936
Yin Wood
Pig
Jan 31 1995 – Feb 18 1996
Jan 24 1936 – Feb 10 1937
Yang Fire
Rat
Feb 19 1996 – Feb 06 1997
Feb 11 1937 – Jan 30 1938
Yin Fire
Ox
Feb 07 1997 – Jan 27 1998
Jan 31 1938 – Feb 18 1939
Yang Earth
Tiger
Jan 28 1998 – Feb 15 1999
Feb 19 1939 – Feb 07 1940
Yin Earth
Rabbit
Feb 16 1999 – Feb 04 2000
Feb 08 1940 – Jan 26 1941
Yang Metal
Dragon
Feb 05 2000 – Jan 23 2001
Jan 27 1941 – Feb 14 1942
Yin Metal
Snake
Jan 24 2001 – Feb 11 2002
Feb 15 1942 – Feb 04 1943
Yang Water
Horse
Feb 12 2002 – Jan 31 2003
Feb 05 1943 – Jan 24 1944
Yin Water
Goat
Feb 01 2003 – Jan 21 2004
Jan 25 1944 – Feb 12 1945
Yang Wood
Monkey
Jan 22 2004 – Feb 08 2005
Feb 13 1945 – Feb 01 1946
Yin Wood
Rooster
Feb 09 2005 – Jan 28 2006
Feb 02 1946 – Jan 21 1947
Yang Fire
Dog
Jan 29 2006 – Feb 17 2007
Jan 22 1947 – Feb 09 1948
Yin Fire
Pig
Feb 18 2007 – Feb 06 2008
Feb 10 1948 – Jan 28 1949
Yang Earth
Rat
Feb 07 2008 – Jan 25 2009
Jan 29 1949 – Feb 16 1950
Yin Earth
Ox
Jan 26 2009 – Feb 13 2010
Feb 17 1950 – Feb 05 1951
Yang Metal
Tiger
Feb 14 2010 – Feb 02 2011
Feb 06 1951 – Jan 26 1952
Yin Metal
Rabbit
Feb 03 2011 – Jan 22 2012
Jan 27 1952 – Feb 13 1953
Yang Water
Dragon
Jan 23 2012 – Feb 09 2013
Feb 14 1953 – Feb 02 1954
Yin Water
Snake
Feb 10 2013 – Jan 30 2014
Feb 03 1954 – Jan 23 1955
Yang Wood
Horse
Jan 31 2014 – Feb 18 2015
Jan 24 1955 – Feb 11 1956
Yin Wood
Goat
Feb 19 2015 – Feb 07 2016
Feb 12 1956 – Jan 30 1957
Yang Fire
Monkey
Feb 08 2016 – Jan 27 2017
Jan 31 1957 – Feb 17 1958
Yin Fire
Rooster
Jan 28 2017 – Feb 18 2018
Feb 18 1958 – Feb 07 1959
Yang Earth
Dog
Feb 19 2018 – Feb 04 2019
Feb 08 1959 – Jan 27 1960
Yin Earth
Pig
Feb 05 2019 – Jan 24 2020
Jan 28 1960 – Feb 14 1961
Yang Metal
Rat
Jan 25 2020 – Feb. 11 2021
Feb 15 1961 – Feb 04 1962
Yin Metal
Ox
Feb 12 2021 – Jan 31 2022
Feb 05 1962 – Jan 24 1963
Yang Water
Tiger
Feb 01 2022 – Jan 21 2023
Jan 25 1963 – Feb 12 1964
Yin Water
Rabbit
Jan 22 2023 – Feb 09 2024
Feb 13 1964 – Feb 01 1965
Yang Wood
Dragon
Feb 10 2024 – Jan 28 2025
Feb 02 1965 – Jan 20 1966
Yin Wood
Snake
Jan 29 2025 – Feb 16 2026
Jan 21 1966 – Feb 08 1967
Yang Fire
Horse
Feb 17 2026 – Feb 05 2027
Feb 09 1967 – Jan 29 1968
Yin Fire
Goat
Feb 06 2027 – Jan 25 2028
Jan 30 1968 – Feb 16 1969
Yang Earth
Monkey
Jan 26 2028 – Feb 12 2029
Feb 17 1969 – Feb 05 1970
Yin Earth
Rooster
Feb 13 2029 – Feb 02 2030
Feb 06 1970 – Jan 26 1971
Yang Metal
Dog
Feb 03 2030 – Jan 22 2031
Jan 27 1971 – Feb 14 1972
Yin Metal
Pig
Jan 23 2031 – Feb 10 2032
Feb 15 1972 – Feb 02 1973
Yang Water
Rat
Feb 11 2032 – Jan 30 2033
Feb 03 1973 – Jan 22 1974
Yin Water
Ox
Jan 31 2033 – Feb 18 2034
Jan 23 1974 – Feb 10 1975
Yang Wood
Tiger
Feb 19 2034 – Feb 07 2035
Feb 11 1975 – Jan 30 1976
Yin Wood
Rabbit
Feb 08 2035 – Jan 27 2036
Jan 31 1976 – Feb 17 1977
Yang Fire
Dragon
Jan 28 2036 – Feb 14 2037
Feb 18 1977 – Feb 06 1978
Yin Fire
Snake
Feb 15 2037 – Feb 03 2038
Feb 07 1978 – Jan 27 1979
Yang Earth
Horse
Feb 04 2038 – Jan 23 2039
Jan 28 1979 – Feb 15 1980
Yin Earth
Goat
Jan 24 2039 – Feb 11 2040
Feb 16 1980 – Feb 04 1981
Yang Metal
Monkey
Feb 12 2040 – Jan 31 2041
Feb 05 1981 – Jan 24 1982
Yin Metal
Rooster
Feb 01 2041 – Jan 21 2042
Jan 25 1982 – Feb 12 1983
Yang Water
Dog
Jan 22 2042 – Feb 09 2043
Feb 13 1983 – Feb 01 1984
Yin Water
Pig
Feb 10 2043 – Jan 29 2044

Modified from Wikipedia's Chinese Astrology page

Why does the Chinese New Year start in January/February and why does it change each year?  You may have noticed that today also happens to be the astronomical New Moon (0739 UTC). Not surprisingly, this ancient 60-year cycle is based on a lunar calendar (all ancient cultures basically used lunar calendars).

Technically, it's based on a lunisolar calendar - a lunar calendar that periodically has an extra month inserted (intercalary month) to keep it in sync with the solar year.  Two basic rules of this calendar are that the first day of each month begins at midnight on the day of the full Moon and that a year normally has twelve lunar months.

As with all lunar calendars, this causes a problem because the synodic month, or cycle of lunar phases, is 29.53 days long while the tropical year, or time from solstice to solstice, is 365.24 days. Dividing one by the other gives (365.24 / 29.53) or 12.4 phases per year.  This means that every 2.5 years, your calendar will be off by one month.  This is where the intercalary month comes into play.  Every 2-3 years, you insert another month into the calendar.  Various rules (which we'll ignore) determine when to insert the extra month.

Generally, but not always for complicated reasons, the Chinese New Year will fall on the second new Moon after the Winter Solstice.   Anyway, as one of my former colleagues always used to say, "It's a poor day you don't learn something new!"

So, best wishes for a happy and prosperous Yang Water Dragon year!

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